(Tickell's) Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus (tickelli) tickelli Vulnerable Helmeted Hornbill Buceros vigil Endangered Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Vulnerable Rhinoceros Hornbill Buceros rhinoceros Endangered Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris Commonīlack Hornbill Anthracoceros malayanus Threatened-extinct(?) ![]() This means they have nest helpers, usually yearlings of the same family, to assist with the feeding of the female and the chicks. (Tickell's and Austen's) Brown, Bushy-crested and White-crowned Hornbills employ a co-operative breeding strategy. During this time the male feeds the female and later on supports the chicks as well. The female lays her eggs, incubates them and then rears the chick inside the nesting cavity, the entire nesting process taking from three to four months. It usually takes three to seven days to complete this sealing process. The female then seals herself inside the nest chamber using clay, rotten wood, regurgitated food and other materials supplied by the male. Once she is satisfied with the choice of nest site, copulation occurs nearby. The male will locate a possible nest cavity and invite the female to inspect. In Thailand hornbills begin searching for nest sites at the end of the monsoon season, in December or January. They are unable to excavate their own nest holes and they must find available cavities, indeed, the availability of nesting cavities of an appropriate size is one of the population limiting factors. Hornbills nest in cavities in living trees such as Dipterocarpus sp. In Asia, hornbills mainly live in monsoon evergreen forests or rainforests and their distribution and 1997 estimated population sizes in Thailand are indicated in Maps 1–4 (maps not in web version). Of the 31 Asian hornbill species (out of a world total of 54 species), 13 have been recorded in Thailand (2). The proceedings of the first workshop were published (1) in a Manual to the Conservation of Asian Hornbills and the proceedings of the Second Workshop, The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation, are in preparation and will be available soon. Pilai's work has culminated with the organisation of the First International Asian Hornbill Workshop in 1992 and the Second International Asian Hornbill Workshop in 1996. Now, hundreds of hornbill nests have been recorded and research sites have been set up to study the life history of these wonderful birds. At first very little was known about hornbills and Pilai began her research by observing a Great Hornbill feeding in a fig tree and then, with the help of an assistant, tracing it back to its nest site. With Atsuo Tsuji she started to document the life of these birds and together they have spent more than 20 years studying this unique family. Pilai Poonswad began studying hornbills in Thailand after she became fascinated by them while acting as a guide to a BBC film crew in Khao Yai National Park when working on a documentary film entitled Fig Feast in Khao Yai. ![]() One of the world 's great natural treasures and at the same time one of nature's supreme oddities, it is that species of bird to which ornithologists have given the name Buceros bicornis: the Great Hornbill' - Richard Ives. 'A creature of such bizarre and extravagant appearance it seems less a living being than the product of some feverish Oriental fantasy. Status and distribution of hornbills in Thailandīy Ng Bee Choo, from Oriental Bird Club Bulletin 28, November 1998.
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